It should have a low work function. A low work function helps to emit electrons from the cathode surface in a comparatively lower temperature It should have a high melting point. The temperature required to emit an electron from the cathode surface is quite high compared to the melting point of normal metals. A lower melting point causes vaporization of metals before they emit electrons. It should have high mechanical strength.
(I) Hole : It is the vacant space that occur due to absence of an electron in an atom. (II) Forbidden gap : It is the gap getween the valence band and conduction band. (III) Donor atoms : They are pentavalent impurity atoms which adds electrons to form N-type semiconductor.
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